columns | official page of Sa.Venkat Ramanujam https://venkatramanujam.in Knock the "T" of the can'T Mon, 12 May 2025 12:40:08 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0.1 https://venkatramanujam.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/cropped-Vm-01-32x32.jpg columns | official page of Sa.Venkat Ramanujam https://venkatramanujam.in 32 32 AI-powered virtual hospital – achievements and challenges https://venkatramanujam.in/ai-powered-virtual-hospital-achievements-and-challenges/ Mon, 12 May 2025 12:40:05 +0000 https://venkatramanujam.in/?p=1753 China has made history by launching the world’s first AI-powered virtual hospital, aptly named Agent Hospital. Developed by researchers at Tsinghua University, this groundbreaking project was unveiled in May 2024, and the hospital boasts AI doctor agents that can simulate various medical scenarios.

The technology behind Agent Hospital is built on large language models (LLMs) and deep learning, enabling realistic medical reasoning.

So after a year of launch what was the key achievements and challenges ahead ?!!

The system after a year now hosts over 3,000 AI doctor agents simulating diverse medical specialties (e.g., cardiology, pediatrics).

It processed 20,000 virtual patient cases daily for training and research, far exceeding human hospital capacities.

Also it was adopted by 12 Chinese medical schools to train students via AI-generated cases (e.g., rare diseases, emergency scenarios).

Studies show 40% faster diagnostic skill acquisition among students using the platform versus traditional methods.

AI agents identified 3 novel drug interaction risks missed in prior clinical trials, now under FDA/EMA review.

Published 15+ peer-reviewed papers on AI’s role in optimizing treatment protocols (e.g., cancer radiotherapy plans).

Deployed in 5 rural Chinese hospitals to assist human doctors with diagnostics. Early results show 85% accuracy in common conditions (vs. 92% for senior physicians).

Struggles with complex, multi-system diseases e.g., autoimmune disorders) due to limited real-world data.

Also encountering Technical Hurdle such as Black box decisions where Doctors demand clearer explanations for AI’s treatment suggestions.

Initial cases revealed over-reliance on East Asian medical data, leading to errors in other ethnic groups.

China’s FDA (NMPA) has yet to approve AI for autonomous patient care, restricting use

WHO cited Agent Hospital as a proof-of-concept for AI-augmented healthcare but urged stricter validation.

Also MIT and Stanford launched similar (but smaller) projects in 2025, focusing on mental health AI agents.

So what is ahead ..

Agent Hospital 2.0 Plans to integrate multimodal AI (voice/imaging/lab data) by 2026.

Global data partnerships on the anvil – Collaborating with EU/U.S. hospitals to reduce bias and improve generalizability.

Open for chat :
Promising, But Not Yet Revolutionary .. While Agent Hospital has exceeded expectations in training and research its real-world clinical impact remains limited by regulation, transparency issues, and data gaps.

The next 2–3 years will be critical for transitioning from simulation to widespread patient care.

Pic source : Firefox search engine unanyonmous

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Criteria for Independent Director Under Companies act 2013 Sec 149 https://venkatramanujam.in/criteria-for-independent-director-under-companies-act-2013-sec-149/ Fri, 03 May 2024 02:56:26 +0000 https://venkatramanujam.in/?p=1639 An independent director in relation to a company, means a director other than a managing director or a whole-time director or a nominee director,—

(a) who, in the opinion of the Board, is a person of integrity and possesses relevant expertise and experience;

(b) (i) who is or was not a promoter of the company or its holding, subsidiary or associate company;

(ii) who is not related to promoters or directors in the company, its holding, subsidiary or associate company;

(c) who has or had no pecuniary relationship with the company, its holding, subsidiary or associate company, or their promoters, or directors, during the two immediately preceding financial years or during the current financial year;

(d) none of whose relatives has or had pecuniary relationship or transaction with the company, its holding, subsidiary or associate company, or their promoters, or directors, amounting to two per cent or more of its gross turnover or total income or fifty lakh rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed, whichever is lower, during the two immediately preceding financial years or during the current financial year;

(e) who, neither himself nor any of his relatives—

(i) holds or has held the position of a key managerial personnel or is or has been employee of the company or its holding, subsidiary or associate company in any of the three financial years immediately preceding the financial year in which he is proposed to be appointed;

(ii) is or has been an employee or proprietor or a partner, in any of the three financial years immediately preceding the financial year in which he is proposed to be appointed, of—

(A) a firm of auditors or company secretaries in practice or cost auditors of the company or its holding, subsidiary or associate company; or

(B) any legal or a consulting firm that has or had any transaction with the company, its holding, subsidiary or associate company amounting to ten per cent or more of the gross turnover of such firm;

(iii) holds together with his relatives two per cent or more of the total voting power of the company; or

(iv) is a Chief Executive or director, by whatever name called, of any non- profit organisation that receives twenty-five per cent or more of its receipts from the company, any of its promoters, directors or its holding, subsidiary or associate company or that holds two per cent or more of the total voting power of the company; or

(f) who possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed.

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Questions itemise to Independent Directors (ID) https://venkatramanujam.in/questions-relating-to-independent-directors-2/ Sat, 09 Sep 2023 20:49:31 +0000 https://venkatramanujam.in/?p=1239

FAQ 1  : Joining board – Fact checks of Independent Director 

FAQ 2  : Independent Directors Commitment to the board 

FAQ 3  : Advantages and disadvantages of Independent Directors

FAQ 4  :  Appointment Compliance  and the Role of  Audit Committee

FAQ 5  : Appointment Compliance  and the Role of Nomination and Remuneration committee

FAQ 6  :  Appointment Compliance  and the Role of Stakeholders Relationship Committee

FAQ 7  : Appointment Compliance  and the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility 

FAQ 8  : Remuneration of Independent Directors

FAQ 09 : Limit on the number of Independent Directorships 

FAQ 10  : Selection Process of Independent Directors

Qualifications 

Importance of DIN 

Ministry of Company affairs , Government of India databank 

How Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs Certifies Independent Directors 

Tenure

Manner and selection

Approval

Appointment letter  

Consent 

Re-appointment 

Resignation 

Removal 

FAQ 11  : Separate board meeting by Independent directors 

FAQ 12  : Evaluation of the performance of an Independent Directors

FAQ 13  : Professional conduct for Independent  Directors

FAQ 14  : Duties of the Independent Directors

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Big Data Mining https://venkatramanujam.in/big-data-mining/ Sat, 09 Sep 2023 20:01:46 +0000 https://venkatramanujam.in/?p=1236

Entering the 21st century, the World bank Group (WBG) combined support for poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with continued strategic focus on reform-oriented states. 

International Finance Corporation(IFC ) worked with the regulator to launch offshore and onshore masala/maharaja bonds, build regulatory processes and a yield curve through a series of issuances to address lack of long-tenor, local-currency market instruments. 

Through this instrument Indian entities accessed international capital markets without exposure to foreign exchange risks. 

IFC has used a variety of products including PPP and advisory services, and innovative products such as green bonds and treasury tools. Finally, IFC and the World Bank have contributed to developing the renewables energy (RE) market in India. 

IFC invested generation companies and financial intermediaries have contributed about 20% of the incremental renewable energy generation capacity in India over the last five years.

Deal  Sourcing and structuring of Infrastructure investment opportunities. 

Top 6 domains where developed nations apply mind 

    1. Transportation ..  connectivity to air & sea ports I inland waterways I bridges I E-public utilities
    1. Broadband & digital security . Blockchain  governance  I bridges 
    1. Energy & Power. … electrical power production and transmission that facilitate green energy technology
    1. Water & reuse technologies  .… saving and reuse equipping modernise technologies 
    1. Education  universities I accessibility  I global exchange programmes 
    1. Environmental Remediation.. reclaim contaminated land I  manage climate change I  clean rivers    

 Under the World Bank Group’s Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP),, the world bank committed to increase climate finance target to 35% of total commitments over the next five years, align financing flows with the goals of the Paris Agreement, and achieve results that integrate climate and development. World Bank (IBRD/IDA) did zero new fossil fuel financing. and stopped investing in upstream oil and gas in 2019.”

Source I World Bank

Non Renewable 

“Tapping the rooftop solar market will be essential for India to meet its massive energy needs. The country has a lot of catching up to do – its per capita consumption of electricity is less than one third the world average.”

I Simon Stolp I Lead energy specialist I World Bank

 

big data analysis 

“The World Bank is the biggest multilateral funder of climate investments in developing countries. Between 2016 and 2021, the World Bank Group delivered over $109 billion in climate finance, including a record $26 billion in FY21.” Source I World Bank


“currently, the World Bank’s support to India is spread over 127 active projects with a combined worth of over $28 billion. Even so, the World Bank remains a small player in India’s nearly three trillion-dollar economy and lends less than one percent of the country’s GDP.”

“ Asian Development Bank (ADB) has committed 605 public sector loans, grants, and technical assistance totalling $52.6 billion to India. Cumulative loan and grant disbursements to India amount to $40.71 billion. These were financed by regular ordinary capital resources, and other special funds. ADB’s sovereign portfolio comprises 66 loans totaling $15.4 billion.”

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